Background | |
---|---|
Benchmark ID |
|
Category |
misc |
System-Class |
AP-LTI-FOS |
Parameters | |
nstates |
29008
|
ninputs |
1 |
noutputs |
1 |
nparameters |
|
components |
A, B, C, E |
Copyright | |
License |
NA |
Creator | |
Editor | |
Location | |
NA |
Description
An Anemometer[a) 1][a) 2][a) 3][c) 1][c) 2][c) 3] (see thermal mass flow meter) is a flow sensing device, consisting of a heater and temperature sensors before and after the heater, placed either directly in the flow or in its vicinity Fig. 1. They are located on a membrane to minimize heat dissipation through the structure. Without any flow, the heat dissipates symmetrically into the fluid. This symmetry is disturbed if a flow is applied to the fluid, which leads to a convection on the temperature field and therefore to a difference between the temperature sensors (see Fig. 2) from which the fluid velocity can be determined.
The physical model can be expressed by the convection-diffusion partial differential equation [b) 1]:
where denotes the mass density, is the specific heat capacity, is the thermal conductivity, is the fluid velocity, is the temperature, and is the heat flow into the system caused by the heater.
The solid model has been generated and meshed in ANSYS. Triangular PLANE55 elements have been used for the finite element discretization. The order of the system is .
Example with one parameter:
The dimensional ODE system has the following transfer function
with the fluid velocity as single parameter. Here is the heat capacitance matrix, is the load vector which is derived from separating the spatial and temporal variables in and the FEM discretization w.r.t. the spatial variables. are the stiffness matrices with for pure diffusion and for diffusion and convection. Thus, for obtaining pure convection you have to compute .
Example with three parameters:
Here, all fluid properties are identified as parameters. Thus, we consider the following transfer function
with parameters , , which are combinations of the original fluid parameters , , , : , , and , see [c) 4]. So far, we have considered the mass density as fixed, i.e. .
Origin
- IMTEK Freiburg, Simulation group, Prof Dr Jan G. Korvink has taken on a position as Director of the Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
Data
Matrices are in the Matrix Market format. All matrices (for the one parameter system and for the three parameter case) can be found and uploaded in Anemometer.tar.gz. The matrix name is used as an extension of the matrix file. The system matrices have been extracted from ANSYS models by means of mor4fem.
For more information about computing the system matrices, the choice of the output, applying the permutation, please look into the readme file.
Example with one parameter:
- .B: load vector
- .E: heat capacitance matrix
- .P: permutation matrix
- .A: stiffness matrices (2)
Example with three parameters:
- .B: load vector
- .E: heat capacitance matrices (2)
- .A: stiffness matrices (5)
To test the quality of the reduced order systems, harmonic simulations as well as transient step responses could be computed, see [c) 4].
The output matrix is a vector with non-zero elements and .
Dimensions
System structure (1 parameter):
System dimensions:
, , , .
System structure (3 parameter):
System dimensions:
, , , .
Citation
To cite this benchmark, use the following references:
- For the benchmark itself and its data:
- The MORwiki Community, Anemometer. MORwiki - Model Order Reduction Wiki, 2018. http://modelreduction.org/index.php/Anemometer
@MISC{morwiki_anemom, author = {{The MORwiki Community}}, title = {Anemometer}, howpublished = {{MORwiki} -- Model Order Reduction Wiki}, url = {http://modelreduction.org/index.php/Anemometer}, year = {2018} }
- For the background on the benchmark:
References
a) About the Anemometer
- ↑ H. Ernst, "High-Resolution Thermal Measurements in Fluids," PhD thesis, University of Freiburg, Germany (2001).
- ↑ P. Benner, V. Mehrmann and D. Sorensen, "Dimension Reduction of Large-Scale Systems", Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 45, 2005.
- ↑ C. Moosmann and A. Greiner, "Convective Thermal Flow Problems", Chapter 16 (pages 341--343) of 2.
b) MOR for non-parametrized Anemometer
- ↑ C. Moosmann, E. B. Rudnyi, A. Greiner and J. G. Korvink, "Model Order Reduction for Linear Convective Thermal Flow", Proceedings of 10th International Workshops on THERMal INvestigations of ICs and Systems, THERMINIC2004, 29 Sept - 1 Oct, 2004, Sophia Antipolis, France.
c) MOR for parametrized Anemometer
- ↑ C. Moosmann, "ParaMOR - Model Order Reduction for parameterized MEMS applications", PhD thesis, University of Freiburg, Germany (2007).
- ↑ C. Moosmann, E. B. Rudnyi, A. Greiner, J. G. Korvink and M. Hornung, "Parameter Preserving Model Order Reduction of a Flow Meter", Technical Proceedings of the 2005 Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show, Nanotech 2005, May 8-12, 2005, Anaheim, California, USA, NSTINanotech 2005, vol. 3, p. 684-687.
- ↑ E. B. Rudnyi, C. Moosmann, A. Greiner, T. Bechtold, J. G. Korvink, "Parameter Preserving Model Reduction for MEMS System-level Simulation and Design", Proceedings of MATHMOD 2006, February 8 - 10, 2006, Vienna University of Technology, Austria.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 U. Baur, P. Benner, A. Greiner, J. G. Korvink, J. Lienemann and C. Moosmann, "Parameter preserving model order reduction for MEMS applications", MCMDS Mathematical and Computer Modeling of Dynamical Systems, 17(4):297--317, 2011.